Narendra Modi Essay

1. Showing concern about the dwindling importance of teaching profession in the eyes of youth, Prime Minister Narendra Modi said that there is need to find out why the value of a teacher has lost its sheen and why students don’t want to be teachers when they grow up. 2. The Prime Minister said there is a great demand for good teachers in the world, and India being a young country should be able to produce good quality teachers for the world. 3. PM Modi talked about the importance of teachers and called for the need of creating good quality teachers in the country who could be ‘exported’ to the world. He said people who had achieved something in life and taken to a profession such as doctors and engineers should teach students in a school for one period in a week. 4. Talking about the significance of Teachers’ Day, PM Modi remembered Dr Radhakrishnan and said serving the nation does not only mean doing grand things; doing small things is a big service to the nation. 5. PM Modi reiterated what he had said on his Independence-Day speech of having toilet facilities for girl students in every school. 6. Prime Minister Narendra Modi said that nation building should become a national movement and every individual should be associated with it. 7. Giving encouragement to girl-education, PM said an educated girl further educates at least two more families. 8. Inspirational lives of great personalities help in shaping our character, PM Modi called the students to read biographies to explore about the lives of great people. 9. Describing himself as a ‘taskmaster’, PM Modi said he worked hard and expected the same from others. He added he expected work to be completed on time. 1O. Modi concluded his speech by saying that a teacher must play an important role through a person’s life. A teacher-student relationship must always be nurtured. Keep the child in you alive. Keep smiling and playing.

Vertical Occupational Mobility of Labour and Organization

Vertical Occupational mobility of labour and organizational commitment; Banking Sector of Pakistan ABSTRACT The study of my topic i. e. vertical occupational mobility of labour and Organizational commitment comes under Human Resource Management (HRM). HRM itself by its name describes that it is an approach of people working in an organization which play an important role in achieving organization’s objective. This subject area basically helps in managing workforce to acquire maximum efficiency.The Human Resources Management includes a variety of activities such as whether to use independent contractors or hire employees, recruitment, time management, workforce planning, training and development, performance appraisal etc. There are two type of labour mobility i. e. geographic and occupational mobility. Geographic mobility is defined as changes in location of workers across physical space which is further divided into two parts i. e. short distance and long distance moves.Occup ational mobility is defined as changes in location of workers across asset of jobs. This research will help managers and policy makers to know how vertical occupational mobility and organizational commitment are related. This research will identify those factors which lead to vertical occupational mobility which then affects commitment of an employee with an organization. Before segmenting the labour market policy makers will have an idea before that what will be its effect to organizational commitment. STUDY OBJECTIVES 1.To test the proposition that wage gaps among employees within an organization affects task and technology of an organization and has significant/insignificant impact on organizational commitment. 2. To test the proposition that job performance of an employee plays an important role in organizational development (task and technology) and has significant/insignificant impact on organizational commitment. 3. To test the proposition that distributive justice affects or ganizational culture and has significant/insignificant impact on organizational commitment. 4.To test the proposition that Human Capital Investments affects the organizational strategy of an organization and has significant/insignificant impact on organizational commitment. 5. To test the proposition that mobility attitudes affects organizational behaviour of an organization and has significant/insignificant impact on organizational commitment. 6. To test the proposition that skills of an employee affects organizational development (task and technology) of an organization and has significant/insignificant impact on organizational commitment. LITERATURE REVIEWOccupational Mobility: â€Å"Occupational mobility is defined as the fraction of currently employed individuals who report a current occupation different from their most recent previous report† by Gueorgui Kambourov and Iourii Manovskii (2004). Nachum Sicherman & Oded Galor (1990) in their research describes occupatio nal mobility as an important part of worker’s career. When a person has high experience he is likely to have occupational mobility within the organization in terms of promotion. Schooling plays an important role in upward occupational mobility.It also describes that when workers expect high probability of promotion in a firm and they are not promoted, mostly they quit the organization. Gender based Occupational Mobility Shirley Dex, Kelly Ward & Heather Joshi (2006), in their research on women’s place and their workings in labor market, indicates that downward occupational mobility of labor among women has decreased after their first child birth as compared with previous generations according to Women and Employment Survey (WES). Occupational and Geographical Labor MobilityLarry D. Schroeder. (1976) studies the interdependence between geographicaland occupational mobility using two data sets (samples). One data set is of maletaxpayers in Winconsin during the period 1947-59 which states that inter-country mobility and occupational mobility are not independent when age differences are accounted. The second data set is of 1970’s Census of Population which resulted that occupational mobility and inter-country mobility are not independent when accounted for different age and sex groups.Larry D. Schroeder. (1976) created an occupational mobility matrix by observing mobility patterns of non-movers and interstate movers of United States (observation period is five years or more), after which it was evident that occupational and geographic mobility are affiliated which each other. He further states that manpower planners must keep this relationship in mind when they project the responses to their strategies to stimulate occupational and inter-state mobility. Occupational Mobility and Wage InequalityNachum Sicherman & Oded Galor (1990) states that if a wage profile difference across individuals in a firm is found workers will change their oc cupation or quit from that specific firm. Furthermore, Gueorgui Kambourov and Iourii Manovskii (2004) in their study indicate that occupational mobility and wage inequality are interrelated. They developed a general equilibrium model which resulted that increase in occupational mobility is 90% because of the significant increase in wage inequality over the time. RESEARCH DESIGN RESEARCH TYPE The type of this research is applied which means to undertake investigation to acquire new knowledge.Applied research is directed mainly towards a specific practical aim. This research is not carried out just for the sake of knowledge; it will also help to solve practical problems. In this case the research identifies the factors which lead to vertical occupational mobility in commercial banks of Pakistan in relation to employees’ commitment with the bank. DATA TYPE AND REFERENCE PERIOD Data type used in this research is primary in nature. Surveys through questionnaire will be carried out in form of personal interviews which will be attached with APPENDIX.This survey will be conducted at various managerial levels in different braches of various banks. These managerial levels include branch managers, floor managers, team managers, area sales managers, relationship manager, assistant managers, operation managers, processing officers etc. The banks in which this survey will be carried out are Dubai Islamic Bank, Standard Chartered Bank, ABN-AMRO, Faysal Bank, Muslim Commercial Bank, Bank of Punjab and Bank Alfalah Limited. The reference period of this survey will be April, 2010 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS 1.H0: To test the hypothesis that wage gaps among employees within an organization affects task and technology of an organization and has insignificant impact on organizational commitment (H0: ? 1 = 0) H1: To test the hypothesis that wage gaps among employees within an organization affect task and technology of an organization and have significant impact on organizational com mitment (H1: ? 1 ? 0) 2. H0: To test the hypothesis that job performance of an employee plays an important role in organizational development (task and technology) and has insignificant impact on organizational commitment (H0: ? = 0) H1: To test the hypothesis that job performance of an employee plays an important role in organizational development (task and technology) and has significant impact on organizational commitment (H1: ? 2 ? 0) 3. H0: To test the hypothesis that distributive justice affects organizational culture and has insignificant impact on organizational commitment (H0: ? 3 = 0) H1: To test the hypothesis that distributive justice affects organizational culture and has significant impact on organizational commitment (H1: ? 3 ? 0) 4.H0: To test the hypothesis that Human Capital Investments affects the organizational strategy of an organization and has insignificant impact on organizational commitment (H0: ? 4 = 0) H1: To test the hypothesis that Human Capital Investme nts affects the organizational strategy of an organization and has significant impact on organizational commitment (H1: ? 4 ? 0) 5. H0: To test the hypothesis that mobility attitudes affects organizational behaviour of an organization and has insignificant impact on organizational commitment (H0: ? = 0) H1: To test the hypothesis that mobility attitudes affect organizational behaviour of an organization and have significant impact on organizational commitment (H1: ? 5 ? 0) 6.H0: To test the hypothesis that that skills of an employee affects organizational development (task and technology) of an organization and has insignificant impact on organizational commitment (H0: ? 6 = 0) H1: To test the hypothesis that that skills of an employee affects organizational development (task and technology) of an organization and has significant impact on organizational commitment (H1: ? ? 0) CONCLUSION This research analyzes the relation between vertical occupational mobility and organizational co mmitment. The study will provide an additional dimension that vertical occupational mobility does not affect organizational commitment directly; organizational development is an intervening variable between them. Multiple linear regression and parametric test of significance (t-test) may be used as a tool to find out relationship between the variables i. e. vertical occupational mobility and organizational commitment.If the chance of getting promoted for an employee in a bank is high he is likely to be more committed to the bank. Finally, if the working conditions (job safety, peer pressure, internal environment of bank etc) in a bank are favourable employee will be more committed to the bank. DIRECTION FOR FURTHER RESEARCH Due to time constraint and limited resources sample size may be small and survey will conducted in banks of Lahore only. In further research other dimensions of vertical occupational mobility and organizational commitment will be discussed including the interveni ng variable between them i. . organizational development. Furthermore, survey will be carried out in all the banks of Pakistan which will enhance the result of our analysis. Future research may investigate the factors which lead to vertical occupational mobility in telecom sector of Pakistan in relation to commitment of an employee with the organization. The reason why i selected the Banks of Pakistan is, I have some personal relations with some of the employers working in banks in Pakistan. So, collecting data would not be a problem for me.References: Gueorgui Kambourov and Iourii Manovskii. 2009). Occupational Mobility and Wage Inequality. Review of Economic Studies. 76 (2), 731-759. Nachum Sicherman & Oded Galor. (1990). A Theory of Career Mobility. The Journal of Political Economy. 98 (1), 169-192. Shirley Dex, Kelly Ward & Heather Joshi. (2006). Changes in Women’s Occupations and Occupational Mobility over 25 years. Women and Employment Survey. 1 (1), 18-24. Larr y D. Schroeder. (1976). Interrelatedness of Occupational and Geographical Labor Mobility. Industrial and Labor Relations Review. 29 (3), 405-413.

Speaker notes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Speaker notes - Essay Example Finally, the kind of quality indicators affecting pricing at the local level would be proffered. The health care in the United States are administered by private health institutions. There are no public hospitals owned by the government. However, the delivery of health care are funded by several public components or programs such as Medicare (covering the elderly and the disabled with previous employment records), the Medicaid (a social welfare program for low income groups), and the Veterans Health Administration program (catering to military veterans of the United States), among others. The health care system of America seeks reform utilizing the present administrations measures focusing on the universal health care plan. In the meantime, health care organizations have their own systems of delivering health care depending on their organizational structure and the profile of patients seeking health care. This essay is written with the objective of describing the current health care delivery structure at St. Luke’s Medical Center in Phoenix, Arizona. The health care delivery structure would be compared with that of Phoenix VA Health Care System. In addition, the profile of the impact of licensing and regulatory factors on health care delivery at St. Luke’s would be determined. The changes that are occurring in the economy or with regards to licensing and regulatory factors that need to be considered in the future would likewise be assessed. Further, a discourse on the national trends that are affecting competition and pricing initiatives would be evaluated. Finally, the kind of quality indicators affecting pricing at the local level would be proffered. St. Luke’s Medical Center is located in E. Van Buren Street, Phoenix, Arizona equipped with 235 beds and providing comprehensive healthcare services. By comprehensive, St. Luke’s deliver services

Child Abuse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Child Abuse - Essay Example ‘Child neglect’ or ‘child abuse’ is an ambiguous and all-encompassing term used to describe actions perpetrated by parents on children which are universally deemed harmful by society and as defined by law. Many degrees of child neglect exist within two main categories, emotional/psychological and physical. Historically speaking, child neglect is a relatively new concept and its meaning is in a constant state of evolution. Until the early nineteenth century, child neglect was more or less a way of life, especially for poor children. The terminology may be a new concept but the practice is long-lived. Throughout the history of mankind, children have been abandoned, killed, mutilated, kidnapped, raped, jailed and otherwise exploited in various ways. For example, children during colonial times in America were regularly beaten with whips because this practice was thought an important aspect of instilling discipline. Until the early nineteenth century, very young children regularly were forced to work more than 12 hours a day, six or seven days per week in mills, factories and mines (Daro, 1988). At the time, neither whipping nor forced labor was considered child abuse or neglect and children had no recourse but to endure what today would be considered horrific living conditions. Largely because of the labor movement in the mid-1900s, many states enacted laws that defined child neglect, required health car e workers to report suspected neglect cases and outline punishment for offenders (McCurdy & Daro, 1994). Congress gave a formal definition to neglect and stipulated actions states must take so that children would be protected from abuses when it ratified the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act in 1974. Many influences determine whether a child may be considered ‘at risk’ for neglect. The personality and past experiences of the parent, the family’s economic

Evolution of Iraqi national identity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8000 words

Evolution of Iraqi national identity - Essay Example In the Middle East for instance it may not be anachronistic to see President George Bush and Osama bin Laden seen on parallel screens of different television channels simultaneously. This places greater pressures on the control of the mind space of the general masses for development of relatively sophisticated concepts as nationalism and national identity. Iraq has been the subject of considerable debate in international polity in the past few years. This is so due to the total revolution that the state has been undergoing post intervention by United States led forces in 2003 and toppling of the Saddam regime. Outbreak of a civil war has added to the confusion as no clear picture on the fractious polity of the hapless state and its people is emerging. Simultaneously we have seen proliferation of media in all its forms in this short period, partly initiated by the United States forces efforts at public diplomacy and partly due to the natural growth of media in the Middle East revolutionized by the entry of television channels as Al Jazeera. ... f the concept of national identity as it has existed in Iraq over the years, particularly from the time of the end of the First World War to the present times. How and in what way media can contribute to national identity is another facet which has been considered by an holistic analysis of media particularly its Iraqi dimension. The way ahead in involvement of the media in developing national identity in Iraq is covered in the final part of the paper. Identity is a political issue. Media and polity are umbilically interlinked as media is a political instrument of influence. Thus this study should provide us an insight of polity contributing to national identity as well as the role of media under such a dispensation. The Concept of National Identity Identity has been variously defined. When related to group identity it is said to be a sense of purpose and belonging to a common programme.1 It coagulates people with a notion of shared aims.2 It is also defined as a set of ideas which are constructed around the concept of a nation and relation of individuals and groups to these.3 In terms of national identity, it applies to people born and living in the same nation.4 Thus it would be clear that identity relates to development of commonality between two individuals or a group of people which creates a sense of belonging. It leads to cooperative relationship between people. When related with nations and people, two or more people naturalized in the same state and citizens of it can be called as nationals of that country. However this may be too narrow an understanding of national identity hence there is a need to develop this concept further to understand its nuances. The attitude that people display about their nations is said to construe national identity and its

Module 5 SLP Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Module 5 SLP - Assignment Example The beverages section has yuban coffees, kool-Aid, Maxwell House and the Tassimo hot beverage. The refrigerated meals include hot dogs, Claussen pickles, and bacon. These products are retailed in over 170 countries that have seen its revenue grow to over one billion dollars (Allen & Albala, 2007). The company seems to have adopted mergers and acquisitions in order to introduce new products in different markets and to increase the level of its operations. Kraft foods group has adopted a decentralized organizational structure that can be categorized into three broad categories. These include the corporate core, the business unit, and the shared services. The business core is the highest level of authority. It sets the overall strategy of the corporation, sets performance standards, decides on the business portfolio and manages talent. The business units, on the other hand, develop short-term business strategies, run the businesses and are responsible for the financial performance of the business (Henry, 2008). The company can be said to be using a functional organizational structure. Employees within these functions perform specific duties. These employees in functional divisions report to a single authority. The top management integrates the duties of different functional departments in order to achieve cohesion that is critical to the achievement of a common goal. Each functional division in the organization sets its budget that is usually useful for one year. The budget majorly shows the expected income and expenditure for a particular period. Kraft Foods Group controls its expenses by grouping costs into cost centres for analysis. The budgeting process begins with forecasting of sales based on past information. Costs of different departments such as sales, administration and marketing are then allocated followed by capital expenses that are likely to be incurred. The budgeting process ends with developing a projected balance sheet and a profit

The History of Gregorian Chant Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The History of Gregorian Chant - Research Paper Example Bewerunge indicates that the name Gregorian chant points to Gregory the Great (590-604), to whom an appealing steady custom ascribes a convinced final understanding of the Roman chant. Most recently, the president of the Brussels music school has tried to prove, that the collection of the Mass music belongs to the end of the seventh or the start of the eighth century with a considerable quantity of learning (1). The Gregorian chant was named after Pope St. Gregory, who was the bishop of Rome and was in power from 590 to 604 AD. According to Catholic custom, it is said that under divine encouragement, Pope St. Gregory composed at least some of the Gregorian chants. Pope St. Gregory, in due course, established a singing school. This was primarily because he wanted the chant to be sung as perfectly as possible. Choir singers and teachers of singing in the skill of chant were taught in this school. Those who were trained from this school were then sent into a variety of countries to teach the chant. Chant was established in the new countries, which transformed as well. This was how ultimately chant became known as Gregorian (Garno p20). People’s ideas about Gregorian chant were summed up in a gracious myth for more than a thousand years. This myth connected the music source to the actions of Gregory the great. The Carolingians put this in pictures. They showed the Holy Spirit, in the appearance of a dove, communicating musical issue to Gregory’s year and Gregory passing it on to writing engraves. At the early stages of antiphonies, Gregory’s work was also illustrated in poems that appeared outstandingly. This concept took hold of Gregorian chant with its eventual background in transmissions that were auditory rather than notational in the mid twentieth century that (Levy p4). Sunol argues that the art of mixing sounds and regulating their extent is what is termed as music in general. Sound is therefore, before all things, the substance

FedEx Strategy at the Business, Corporate, and Network Levels Term Paper

FedEx Strategy at the Business, Corporate, and Network Levels - Term Paper Example Federal Express' clients ranged from large scale business to individual customers that required a wide range of services. As such, Federal Express needed to find a way to meet the needs of the various groups of customers that it provided services to. By streamlining its operations and by integrating its various systems, the company was able to develop a customer logistics management segment of its business to cater especially to its large-scale business clients that required such service (Conley et al, 2000). This included providing warehousing and distribution services that cut the costs for its business customers. Such strategy demonstrates the company's way of dealing with the paradox of market adaptation and resource leveraging. Having identified the needs of its clientele, FedEx used the extensive resource base it had in order to meet these needs. Since the company had established a logistics infrastructure, it merely put to good use the resources it already had. Federal Express understood the value of information for all its clients. As such, it continuously searched for various ways to improve the transfer of information between itself and its customers. Even before the FedEx website was launched in 1994, the company had already developed a number of computer programs and systems that allowed customers to acquire the information they needed regarding shipments including ordering and tracking. This is another demonstration of the company's ability to use its resources in order to adapt to the demands in the market. Since the demand was for better information sources, FedEx used its IT expertise in order to come up with a system that meets such needs.The acquisition became the strategy to better meet the needs of Federal Express Customers. After officially acquiring Parts Bank in 1988, FedEx, later on, acquired Caliber Systems in 1998. This enabled FedEx to create a corporation which had the ability to meet most, if not all, of the logistics and transportation needs of companies. Furthermore, FedEx underwent a process of reorganization wherein certain subsidiaries were combined.

Evaluation Argument Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Evaluation Argument - Essay Example In other words the material things which were acquired from the earth will not help us in our future assignment. After death a person’s body will be destroyed; but what will happen to the mind and spirit? The relation between mind and spirit with the body is still debated among psychologists and philosophers. What will happen to the mind and body if all the materials used in the making of our body with some other materials from another planet? It is difficult to answer the above question though we can assume certain things on the basis of the evidences at present we have. The concept of mind and spirit is still a confusing topic for the psychologists and the philosophers. In my opinion mind cannot exist without a body and hence it will be destroyed after the death of the body. Our mind activities are controlled by our brain which is made of material things and once those material things destroyed all the entities associated with them like the mind will also be destroyed. But what will happen to the spirit? Physicians explain various functions of body while psychologists concentrate on the activities of mind. But nobody knows much about the soul or spirit though everybody agrees that it is the spirit which drives us in this material world. After death what happens to the spirit? Only the religions studied about the features of spirit and they have their own explanations about the future of spirit on the basis of the good and evil committed during the life in earth. Religions believe that those who engaged in good activities during the stay on earth will get salvation after death while others will be punished by God. I don’t want to comment on the future of spirit or mind. But I would like to argue that both spirit and mind can travel at a speed which may be greater than that of light. Light rays are considered to be the fastest (3 x 108 m/s) thing in the world. As per the principles of Physics nothing can achieve a speed greater than

CE Marking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

CE Marking - Essay Example Whenever in a conflict between any of the social responsibility and their responsibility to their employer they are quite clear about the strategy they should opt. The project too suggests a few guidelines to resolve any such conflict. Among various responsibilities of the engineers a few are to look into the EU Documentation and Standards, technical consultation, compliance testing, technical documentation, product registration, company-internal self-certification process and many more. Then there are various CE marking related issues, its objectives and the difficulties faced by the manufacturers in the process or due to any of the discrepancies. So, the project caters to all the above mentioned issues as well as the role of engineers employed by the manufacturers in the whole procedure. CE Marking, also known as CE mark, is a mandatory conformity mark to be put on the products which are placed on the single market in European Economic Area (EEA). The affixation of the CE Marking on the product which is placed on the market or put into service means that the product meets all the necessary requirements of the relevant European Directives. ... A few examples of European Directives requiring CE Marking include toy safety, low-voltage equipment, machinery, terminal equipment and EM compatibility. And there are about 25 directives requiring CE Marking. If you are planning to export a product to one or more markets in any member states of EU or EEA then it becomes essential to apply for CE Marking of your products. "CE Marking is a mandatory mark for most (around 70%) of the products sold on the EU market (totalling 28 countries.)"1 it can be crucial to your success if the new product directives apply to your product and you also want to continue exporting it to the European market. It becomes very necessary to seek the professional help and advice to assist the manufacturers in conforming and acquiring the CE Marking. It is very essential for business and is a very swift and straightforward process if you seek genuine advice. It is very important to understand the amount of resources and the time that companies spend on a product and to obtain a smooth approach for CE Marking. And if your company is outside the EU, the process becomes all the more challenging but the capable engineers can do the job well. And as the process is essential for business it is better to have knowledgeable engineers to do the job and to ensure that your products comply with all basic requirements. They know well how to get the products CE marked understanding all the safety issues that are important to address.2 Responsibility and Actions taken by Engineer for CE Marking As it is very crucial to acquire CE marking, it becomes necessary for the firms to seek the help of some consultancy or engineer to guide them to do so and to ensure that their product complies with all European Directives. For CE Marking there are

The Khmer Rouge Essay Example for Free

The Khmer Rouge Essay There are many genocides that people are not aware of. One of them is the attempted genocide carried out by the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia. The Khmer Rouge was able to gain power and remain in control of Cambodia for years without interference because they isolated the country from any foreign influence. Other countries had no idea what was happening inside Cambodia until years later. The Khmer Rouge and Pol Pot, wanted to create their own ideal communist society. So how did The Khmer Rouge gain so much power and control? Some argue that Pol Pot was the only one responsible for the power and control gained by the Khmer Rouge. On the other hand, others say that the notion of social hierarchy was reversed and that is how power and control was gained. The Khmer Rouge was the name given to the followers of the Communist Party of Kampuchea. The Khmer Rouge leader was Saloth Sar, better known as Pol Pot, ruled Cambodia from 1975 to 1979, during which time two million Cambodians died from torture and starvation (The Khmer Rouge-Wikipedia 1). Anybody who was seen as a threat was killed by the Khmer Rouge. This organization is remembered primarily â€Å"for its policy of social engineering, which resulted in genocide† (The Khmer Rouge-Wikipedia 2). They tried to transform agriculture, but instead it led to hunger, insisting on absolute independence, even in the supply of medicine. Thousands died from treatable diseases. People were brutally murdered and tortured for no reason. The Khmer Rouge seized power by using force, authority, and fear. Cambodians had no choice, it was either obey or be killed. During Pol Pot’s time in power, he forced urban dwellers to move to the countryside to work in collective farms and forced labor camps. His goal was to â€Å"restart civilization† (Kiernan). Thousands of families from Cambodia were moved from their homes and were forced to work. Overnight everybody from Cambodia became a farmer including doctors, clerks, cooks, and business owners. They took Cambodians into the countryside, where they became peasants starving to death (Carvin 3). Some say that Pol Pot was responsible for the power and control of Cambodia because â€Å"Pol Pot cut Cambodia off from the world. He banned foreign and minority languages and attacked the neighboring countries of Laos, Vietnam, and Thailand in an attempt to regain ancient ‘lost territory’† (The life of Pol Pot- Cambodia ). This statement is true because the Khmer Rouge did gain part of their power by isolating the country, but Pol Pot is not fully responsible for that. There were other people involved, like Nuon Chea, Ieng Sary, Son Sen and Khieu Samphan all of these people were also leaders in the Khmer Rouge. Nuon Chea was the second leader in the Khmer Rouge he is known a s â€Å"The evil genius of the movement† (Chandler 1), because he is the one who was in charge of the prison system. He was one of the one’s with a heartless mind, planning tortures and executing innocent people. There was also Ieng Sary who was the one responsible for the deaths of many intellectuals who were supposed to be re-trained at a camp, but instead were killed (Chandler 2). Sary was also a cold blooded man who contributed in The Khmer Rouge, killing intellectuals thinking they were prone to exploit others. Sary is another accomplice of the Khmer Rouge who helped gain power. Son Sen was the prime minister of the Khmer Rouge he was also in charge of S-21 which was a jail. Sen was killed in 1997 by Pol Pot for participating in a peace process outlined by the Paris Peace Agreements (Son Sen 2). Even though he may have regretted what he did, he was still part of the Khmer Rouge and did not make any attempt to stop anything when he was supposed to. Last was Khieu Samphan, David Chandler a Professor of International Relations, explains that Samphan was described as having in his prime a nimble, even mischievous mind – but at the same time was meticulous, doctrinaire, slavishly obedient to his party superiors and extremely rigid in his thinking. Samphan would do anything he was asked to do step by step. The argument that Pol Pot was the only responsible for the power and control in Cambodia is weak because as we can see there were many master minds that helped the Khmer Rouge, they all worked together to gain control. According to Judy Ledgerwood a cultural anthropologist, power and control was gained by the notion of social hierarchy being reversed. Those who were wealthy and educated were treated as slaves, monks and kings from Cambodia were nothing but labor workers for the Khmer Rouge. Ledgerwood says that â€Å"crucial reversal was with regard to age. The Khmer Rouge saw adults as already poisoned by the previous regime, but children were still pure and could be properly indoctrinated† (Ledgerwood 3). The idea that adults were â€Å"poisoned† by previous regimes is ridiculous. The Khmer Rouge just knew that adults had more reasoning and experience to understand what was happening. They used children to brainwash them and turn them against their parents and adults. Children helped the Khmer Rouge maintain power since they were being trained to spy on their parents, maybe to see if any parent was a threat to the Khmer Rouge. Gender rolls also played a part; young women were given a degree of political and military authority (Ledgerwood3). The Khmer Rouge knew they needed women in their side; they had the potential to help them politically succeed and gain more power in Cambodia. The Khmer Rouge and Pol Pot wanted an ideal communist society. According to Andy Carvin, â€Å"peasants, in fact, were the Khmer Rouge communist ideal†¦ Peasants were seen as simple, uneducated, hardworking and not prone to exploiting others† (Carvin 3). The Khmer Rouge did not want any Cambodian to be smart or successful. If there were any educated Cambodians they would be killed, since Pol pot and the Khmer Rouge did not want anyone to get any ideas that might- over throw their plan. It was a smart idea but they did not need to kill to have their â€Å"ideal communist society†. The Khmer Rouge could have used those people to create better ideas for his plan, a plan that did not involve killing people. Secrecy was also one of the best tools for controlling the population. Cambodians were told that the country was being run by Angka, no leaders were mentioned (Carvin 1) to keep the identities of the leaders hidden. They just controlled the people by lying and tricking them into believing whatever the Khmer Rouge wanted them to believe. This also helped them maintain their power and control over Cambodia. The Khmer Rouge was able to gain control and maintain it for so many years because of the secrecy, the fear that was created, how they trained and brain washed the children as well as the adults and isolating the country. Without any of these, the Khmer Rouge could have been stopped and they would not have gained so much power and control. Secrecy was important to hide their identities, and to not be blamed for all the murders. Fear was a powerful tactic to use because Cambodians knew that they had to obey to everything, if not they would get killed. Children were a key to maintaining their power and control, because the Khmer Rouge trained them their way and converted them into heartless, cold blooded children. Isolating the country was the most important in gaining power and control, because Cambodia was helpless. There were no outsiders involved, and that help them maintain power and control.

How the Communicator Influences the Audience

How the Communicator Influences the Audience Persuasion: Who, What, and to Whom Even though people can just say no to the individual or to a group, the communicator influences the audience because people may be persuaded by the message. The communicator’s goal is to change your mind, and most people are easily influenced.(Rhoads, 1997). Social psychology helps us to identify different aspects of ourselves, and the environment in which we live and work. It gives us insight as to why people judge others, and how the power of persuasion affects an individual, group, or a nation. An effective persuader possesses both positive and desirable traits. One of these traits is to portray believable knowledge. (Feenstra, 2011). If the communicator appears as if they know, what they are talking about they will be far more likely to persuade the audience. In addition, when the communicator speaks in an authoritative manner opposed to a hesitant, unsure manner they are typically much more persuasive. It is important that the audience see the communicator as being trustw orthy this plays an important role in persuasive communication. When a person is seen as always being honest, it makes them much more credible then a person who is known to lie or avoid telling the truth. Credibility is important to persuasion as it is associated with an individual’s character. The most important factor in persuading others is character. Moreover, an effective persuader builds a connection before giving the actual persuasive message. One way to establish this connection is in showing how you and your audience are alike. The more the audience feels that they are similar to the communicator the more they will identify and be persuaded by them. (Education, 2011). First, the communicator influences the audience with a message because the audience may be persuaded. If the audience sees the communicator as attractive, there is more of a chance they will be persuaded by them. There is a dramatic advantage over people who are not as good-looking in reference to persuasion. It is also the case that physically attractive people usually obtain higher grades, are more likely to be hired for a job, and when hired for a job takes home more money (Changing Minds, 2011). People seem to subconsciously and consciously believe that attractive people are more credible and trustworthy. The psychological reasoning is that people see a communicator that is attractive as also being more likeable. Being liked is also an important factor of persuasive communication. There are other important factors seen such as being friendly, optimistic, sincere, cheerful, appreciative, kind, and generous these characteristics are influences to being generally likeable. We are mo re likely to be persuaded by someone we like as opposed to someone we do not. People as a whole do not like to be thought of in a negative light and no one desires to feel unwanted or unattractive. It may be observed that when messages are persuasive by themselves that they are appealing to reason, logic, and are more effective than those messages that do not have those appeals. Data used in messages from outside sources instead of the communicator are also found to be more persuasive. The fear technique may sometimes persuade an individual to purchase an item or to support a â€Å"charitable† worthy cause. This is because an emotional appeal may arouse guilt or fear. The way an emotional appeal works is that, the individual wants to avoid negative consequences of guilt or fear. A guilt approach points out a mistake that the individual is responsible for then shows them how to make up for the mistake. How the communicator frames the message influences the way an individual re acts to it. Included in the framing of the message for example would be changing the meaning of the message or changing it to fit a particular audience. Framing works to focus on the subconscious level. (Rhoads, 1997). Additionally, the communicator’s goal is to change your mind. The way that narratives may be persuasive is that they capture and hold an individual’s attention. While the sleeper effect over time shows the context of the message to be more important than the credibility or knowledge of the communicator that gave the message. This shows that the content of the message is significant in persuading an audience to make lasting changes. The characteristics of the audience are also important because people perceive messages in different ways. Often cultures view male speakers as more credible than female speakers. Therefore, an effective persuader has to know about the culture of the audience and fit the message to that audience. It has recently been found that audience gender is not as import to consider as it was once thought to be. However, women do shop differently than men. Self-esteem is another factor in persuasion as people with low self-esteem are easier to persuade than those with a high self-esteem. (Education, 2011). Finally, the most important reason the communicator influences the audience with the message is that most people are easily influenced. The elaboration likelihood model explains that the audience will take a direct approach oran indirect approach to being persuaded. Those that take the direct approach are able and motivated to do so and it can be said that the message for them is more important. Whereas those that take the indirect approach are influenced more by the communicator’s characteristics. While in traditional persuasive communication, the communicator is more important. This characteristic holds true as well in the e-word of mouth persuasion. The expertise of the reviewer is also more important to the audience. It has been observed that people connect expertise to an internet setting being credible the same as they do in a traditional setting. In the e-word of mouth, it is important for the communicator and the audience to see a similarity between them. Because when an individual reviews a product they feel a connection with the communicator as they both are interested in the product and went through the same buying process. The actual message is also important in persuasion because if the communicator is positive the audience will usually be positive and be more likely to be persuaded to purchase the item. In addition, people are suspicious when the message is overly positive just as they are in a traditional setting. Because we are not able to see the communicator giving the message the sleeper effect is usually more prominent then the e-word of mouth persuasion. An important part of the e-word of mouth persuasion is the audience. The Chinese look for more information than do the Americans when it comes to e-word of mouth. Therefore, it is shown that culture and characteristics of the audience play a role in e-word of mouth as they do in traditional forms of persuasive communication. (Feenstra, 2011). Indeed, while the audience can just say no to the communicator, the communicator influences the audience with a message. The communicator’s goal is to change your mind, and most people are easily influenced.Social psychology helps us to identify different aspects of ourselves, and the environment in which we live and work. It gives us insight as to why people judge others, and how the power of persuasion affects an individual, group, or a nation. (Rhoads, 1997). References Changing Minds. (2011). Social Influence. Retrieved from Changing Minds.org: http://changingminds.org/explanations/theories/social_influence.htm Erupting Mind Education. (2011). How To Persuade Different Types Of People. Retrieved from Erupting Mind Education: http://eruptingmind.com/how-to-persuade-different-types-of-people/ Feenstra, J. (2011). Introduction to social psychology. Bridgepoint Education, Inc. Rhoads, K. (1997). Introduction to Influence. Retrieved from Working Psychology: http://www.workingpsychology.com/intro.html

Curcumin as an Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Agent

Curcumin as an Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Agent Several studies in recent years have demonstrated curcumin as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent  the presence of persistent inflammatory stimuli, which interrupt the physiological healing mechanisms. An ideal biomedical device for wound care should promote the complete regeneration of the injured tissue, effectively restore its  biological activity and aesthetic aspect, while reducing inflammation and preventing microbial invasion.1,2 Efforts for achieving this goal are leading to the replacement of traditional passive products with advanced ones.3 Among these, alginate-based dressings are attractive for their capability to release bioactive compounds and to maintain a moist environment around the wound, promoting tissue granulation and re-epithelialization.4-8Typically they are available in form of freeze-dried foams  or non-woven microfibers, though great research interest is nowadays devoted towards nanofibrous matrices. Inflammation is a physiological response to wounding and is required for wound healing to progress. However, excessive or inappropriate inflammation provides an ideal environment for bacterial infiltration and proliferation and may cause serious health problems. So, the prolonged inflammation characterizing the chronic wounds is a promising target for therapeutic interventions Active agents have been loaded in various of form of carriers such as foams,4 hydrogels,5 films,6 sponges,7 etc., and more recently in the form of polymeric nanofibers.3,8 These polymeric nanofibers have attracted special attention for use in wound dressings due to their very fine diameter, highly porous structure, and so on.1,9 A popular and inexpensive technique for fabricating polymeric nanofibers is electrospinning (ES).3 In particular, nanofibers produced by electrostatic spinning have high potentiality in the wound healing field because their porosity promotes nutrient transport and gas permeation, their morphological organization mimics the native tissue, and their mechanical properties can be engineered.5,9-11 The intrinsic high surface area of nanofibers is also attractive for the delivery of drugs and active agents.2,1 The large surface area of the fiber matrix allow for increased interaction with the tissue,  thereby serves as a substrate for the sustained delivery of bioactive molecules as well as to  modulate cellular functions during regeneration Nanofibers fabricated by ES have an extremely large specific surface area, high porosity, and good pore interconnectivity.10,11 These properties are very similar to the natural extracellular matrix structure that supports cell attachment and proliferation.12 It was found that active ingredients can be encapsulated directly into nanofibers by electrospinning a mixture solution containing an agent and a polymer.9,13 Because of their unique properties, the electrospun nanofibers can meet the ideal equirements for wound dressing in that they (1) promote a hemostatic phase, (2) provide a moist environment that stimulates wound healing, (3) protect the wound from bacterial penetration, (4) functionalize dressings by incorporating therapeutic agents, and (5) potentially leave no scars.1,14 The use of biopolymers capable of ES for wound dressing is becoming inevitable because they can generate safe environmental products and easily be washed of the wound surface.1,3 A variety of biopolymers such as PVA,3PLA,11poly(urethane),14  gelatin,15 chitosan,16 polycaprolactone (PCL),17 and some blends of these biopolymers have been electrospun and evaluated  for wound dressing. PCL is a semi-crystalline polymer well known for its nonimmunogenicity, slow biodegradability, and high  biocompatibility.17,18 Due to its non-toxic in nature and flexible mechanical properties, PCL is ideal material for wound dressing and tissue engineering.18,19 Although PCL nanofiber mat closely mimics the natural extracellular matrix, its hydrophobicity reduces cell attachment. addition of PEG in PCL result in   high cell affinity and porous surface of the nanofiber mats   and support cell  proliferation. Chrysin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone) is a natural flavonoid contained in many plant extracts [1]. Many polyphenolic compounds, including chrysin, are known to have multiple biological activities, such as anti-inflammation [2,3], anti-cancer [4,5], anti-oxidation [6,7], and estrogenic effects [6] Chrysin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone structure shown in Fig. 1), a flavonoid, is the main component of Oroxylum indicum ( Sun et al., 2006), which is one herbal medicine commonly used in China and other East Asian countries, and has been officially listed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia for a long time (Editorial committee, 1999). Like other flavonoids, chrysin exhibits many biological activities and pharmacological effects, including antioxidant (Chaudhuri et al., 2007), anti-inflammatory (Fishkin and Winslow, 1997), anticancer (Habtemariam, 1997) and antihypertension (Villar et al., 2002). Chrysin also has the potential for clinical and therapeutic applications against the physiological and biochemical effects of aging (Chakraborty et al., 2009). In spite of these unique biological activities of curcumin, the in vivo stability and  bioavailablity of the molecule is very low Here we show that dressings constituted by electrospun nanofibers of sodium alginate containing lavender essential  oil are effective for the treatment of UVB-induced skin injuries. In vitro studies revealed that these entirely natural systems were  highly biocompatible and able to inhibit the proliferation of S. aureus. Together with antibacterial activity, the produced alginate based nanofibers expressed a remarkable anti-inflammatory efficacy that was demonstrated in vitro on lipopolysaccharide stimulated human foreskin fibroblasts, and in vivo on rodent model of UVB burns. In particular, a significant decrement of the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines was observed for both cells and animals. Interestingly, no marks of erythema were detected on the skin of the injured animals that were treated with the electrospun dressings, indicating that the treatment promptly stopped the inflammatory response. Differently from other topical preparations for the management of burn wo unds, the here described biomedical devices perform dual functions (antibacterial and anti-inflammatory) and, thus, have potentialities to fill the void of multifunctional dressings that the market is still facing The objective of this study was to develop curcumin loaded PCL nanofibers by the process of electrospinning and to evaluate  the biological activity of the curcumin loaded fibers using in vitro and in vivo methods. We investigated the feasibility of developing bead free curcumin loaded PCL nanofibers by controlling the elecrospinning parameters. The bioactivity of encapsulated curcumin in the nanofibers was investigated using various in vitro methods and comparisons were made against the corresponding PCL nanofibers. Finally, the in vivo efficacy of the curcumin loaded PCL fibers vs PCL fibers was evaluated using healing impaired diabetic mouse model. in view of the high level of oxidative stress and persistent inflammation associated with delayed  healing in diabetic wounds, the present study was conducted to investigate the temporal wound healing potential of topically applied curcuminin diabetic rats The increased oxidative stress is one of the most common complications for the delayed wound healing in diabetics [3]. Therefore, reduction/ termination of the persistent inflammation and elimination of free radicals by the introduction of an anti-inflammatory agent and antioxidant into the treatment of wounds could be an important strategy to improvehealing of diabetic wounds.

Dawn :: essays research papers

Chapter 1Takes place in Palestine. The narrator knows that he has to kill a man tomorrow. He doesn't know who it is but he knows what he has to do. The man that was going to die was an Englishman. The reason that he had to kill was because there is a war.Beggar. A man that taught the narrator the difference between night and day. Narrator met him while he was at the synagogue. The man wears black clothes. The narrator met the man when he was 12 years old. The narrator, as a child admitted to the beggar that he was definitely afraid of the beggar."Night is purer than day; it is better for thinking and loving and dreaming." (4)The man wants to teach the narrator to distinguish between night and day. The beggar taught the narrator to look into the dusk and there would be a face that would appear. Night has a face and day does not. The face that appears is of a dead person. The night before the narrator does what he has to do, he looks into the night and sees his own face. There is going to be an execution at dawn. All of the executions happened at dawn. The "Movement" always kept their word. A month earlier there was one of their fighters that had been on a terrorist operation. He was hauled in by the police and they found weapons on him. They hung the man. By law this is what they were supposed to do. This was the tenth death sentence by the mandatory power in Palestine. The "Old Man" decided that things had gone far enough and now he was not going to allow the English to rule any longer. The Old Man ordered that a military officer be kidnapped. They kidnapped Captain John Dawson who walked alone at night. (6)This made the country very tense. The English ordered a 24 hour curfew. They searched every house, and also arrested hundreds of suspects. Tanks were stationed at the crossroads, barbed wire barricades at street corners. They did not find the hostage. The High Commissioner of Palestine said that the whole country would be held responsible for the murder of the Captain, if he was in fact murdered. A few people got in touch with the Old Man and told him not to go too far.

Edgar Allen Poe Essay -- Essays Papers

Edgar Allen Poe Edgar Allen Poe, an America writer, was known as a poet and critic but was most famous as the master of short stories, particularly tales of the mysterious and the macrabe. The literary merits of Poe’s writings have been debated since his death, but his works have continued to be popular and many American and European writers have declared their artistic debt to him. Born in Boston, Massachusetts, Poe was orphaned in his early childhood and was raised by John Allen, a successful business man of Richmond, Virginia. Taken by the Allen family to England at the age of six, Poe was placed in a private school. Upon returning to the United States in 1820, he continued to study in private schools. He attended the University of Virginia for a year, but in 1827 his foster father, angry by the young man’s drinking and gambling, refused to pay his debts and forced him to work as a clerk. Poe, disliking his new duties violently, he quit the job as a clerk, thus estranging Allen, and went to Boston. There his first book, Tamerlane and Other Poems (1827), was published anonymously. Shortly afterward Poe enlisted in the United States Army and served a two-year term. In 1829 his second volume of verse, Al Aaraaf, was published, and he completed a agreement with Allen, who secured him an appointment to the United States Military Academy. After only a few months at the Military Academy Poe was dismissed for neglect of duty, and his foster father disowned him permanently. Poe...

The Genome Revolution :: Genetics Biology Argumentative Essays Papers

The Genome Revolution As one of our most precious national heroes, Neil Armstrong, set foot upon the moon he said the following, â€Å"this is one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind.† Throughout the years, deep investigations in the scientific area and modern technological advances have lead us to create the building blocks necessary for us to take yet another â€Å"giant leap for mankind.† The genome revolution has come along way, with many discoveries leading it to the road it’s on today. This development will affect us in many different aspects creating many opportunities and risks as well. It will not only concern us here in our safe little haven we call the Rio Grande Valley, but will affect us on a whole larger scale, by changing everyone who is a citizen of this earth. One of the most recent accomplishments of the Genome Revolution includes the collaborative research of scientists worldwide known as the Human Genome Project. This investigation began in order to better understand the composition of all the genes in the human body. This goal was completed this year, two years ahead of schedule and at a much cheaper cost that expected. The project involved understanding the genomes of various organisms like mice in order to understand our genetic makeup. It also includes a backbone for the improvement of human healthcare. Now that we have a blueprint for the genomes, we can learn how they play a role in creating gene products such as proteins. The world of medicine contains many mysteries, with doctors constantly working as detectives trying to decipher the secrets of deadly genetic disorders. Human genetic research discovered by the Human Genome Project provides the research to help enhance human health. As a matter of fact, about 30% of pediatric patients and 12% of adult admissions into hospitals are due to genetic problems. Gene therapy can correct genetic disorders and contribute to the fight against incurable diseases. An example of a genetic disorder that can be corrected by using genetic engineering is the blood cell disease that can be treated by cultivating the patient’s cells, correcting the abnormal gene, and transferring it back into the patient’s bone marrow.

San Francisco: The City that Never Sleeps

Everybody knows the old saying that ‘you never really know a person until you live with them'. Well, this also applies to visiting other countries, because I have always had an idea in my head about what kind of city San Francisco would be. I have seen various pictures in holiday brochures of the Golden Gate Bridge, Fisherman's Wharf and of course, the famous Powell and Mason line Cable Cars. Not only is the city about the famous landmarks and sites everybody has heard of, to me it was about a whole lot more and I do not think that anybody truly knows a place until they have lived in the heart of it for more than two weeks. Regretfully, I only spent two weeks in the city, and I felt as though there was still plenty I had to learn about it. People always seem to associate the state of California with plenty of sunshine, hardly any rain and generally being a warm if not hot climate. I was no different. Therefore, when I stepped off of the aeroplane and felt a cold blast of wind as I walked through the courtesy tunnel, I was fairly shocked. I did not expect to feel the cold whilst I was in California, but that was just the beginning of unexpected things to come. In all honesty I should have begun my travels with an open mind, but I thought I knew what San Francisco would be like and through fault of my own I did not expect anything else. I had visited the United States on three separate occasions before I decided to embark on San Francisco and I had never actually travelled to the western coast of America so this was new territory for me. There is supposed to be a clear divide between the East and West coasts of America and thus knowing this, it was up to me to distinguish what these factors were. The fact that I had been to the country before certainly helped me a lot, especially at the airport. Many visitors from Europe who have not visited the United States before, would be alarmed at the amount of questions security ask whilst getting their passport stamped. This just goes to show that the American's do not just let anybody into their country and they have got to be certain that everybody who has not got a visa to live and work in the country has visited for recreational purposes only. I know that security has been stepped up since the attacks on September 11th, but when the passport control officer asked me, ‘Why are you visiting the USA? , ‘How long will you be staying? ‘, and ‘Have you visited before? ‘, it made me feel like a criminal for being in their country. At the time I felt like I had been interrogated for no reason, but looking back on it, I see that it was only for my increased safety whilst I was visiting that they had to ask those questions and they did ask everybody. Ever since I can remember, I have always thought it was only the English that constantly talked about the weather. I was not expecting to hear about it non-stop whilst I was in San Francisco. However, I soon found out the reason behind it; I was actually visiting the city in the hottest weeks it had ever seen, I could not believe my luck. The cold blast of air I had felt whilst stepping off of the plane must have been the air conditioning, I breathed a big sigh of relief as I realised that the California I had been dreaming of might actually become a reality. I had booked into a youth hostel for the first three nights of my stay and having never stayed in one before I really had no idea what it would be like. As soon as I realised the taxi had pulled up outside the hostel, I began to worry. It looked nothing like the pictures I had seen on the internet, it was situated in a desolate street and a man was sitting on the steps outside with a cigarette hanging out of his mouth. I honestly would have used all my spending money to stay in a respectable hotel for the rest of the trip if it had meant that I did not have to stay in the hostel. However, I was persuaded to give it a try for one night and I was given the chance to decide what to do after that. Keen to get out of the hostel I went for a walk on that first night to get an idea of how far we were from all the places I wanted to visit. To my horror, it seemed that nobody went for walks in the city, especially not at night anyhow. We were not staying far from Market Street, which is the main street in the city and it literally spans from one end of the city to the other and eventually ends at the Ferry Building next to the Bay Bridge. Having read about Market Street whilst doing my research, I was glad I was staying within walking distance, because that is the street where you can catch the streetcars and the BART (Bay Area Rapid Transport), which is the equivalent to the London Underground. Knowing that I was within walking distance of all the major transport links made me feel better and I decided that the next day I would take the Cable Car to Fisherman's Wharf and see what that had to offer. The Cable Cars are the only vehicles of their kind still in operation and are considered to be National Landmarks. Travelling on a Cable Car was at the top of my list of things to see and do whilst I was visiting San Francisco, therefore it had to be one of the first things I did. Seeing the city the next day, when the sun was beaming and more people were walking the streets made all the difference. I just could not believe how many homeless people there were on the streets though, with all of their worldly possessions packed into a shopping trolley they wandered up and down market street begging for money. Compared to London and New York, it seemed to me that San Francisco had a serious problem with the amount of homeless people living on the city's streets. It was not until the end of my trip that I found out, that the council of San Francisco actually gives each and every registered homeless person four hundred dollars a month, so that they can afford shelter and food. Although, hardly any of the money the city gives them is actually spent of shelter and food, it goes on alcohol and drugs, which is not helping anybody. There has been uproar from the public about the situation and there have been many petitions to stop the council from giving the homeless any more money. I soon began to realise that even though I was in California, I was still in a city and all city's have their good parts and their bad parts, even more so the tourist attractions and the lived in areas. At that point I was ready to be a tourist with the rest of them, so I headed to Powell Street for a ride on one of the famous Cable Cars. It was a beautiful day so I sat on an outside seat and I did not have to fight for it and I soon realised why. I could not believe how steep the hills actually were, at one point we were so high up that I could see Alcatraz Island all the way at the bottom and the red cables of the Golden Gate Bridge just rising above the buildings in the distance. As the Cable Car descended down the hill, it went at a fairly high speed and I certainly felt the wind as it blew against us. The driver pointed out famous sites along the way, such as Chinatown on the right hand side, the famous Lombard Street as featured in many movies and then finally we came to our destination that was Fisherman's Wharf. Built in 1900, Fisherman's Wharf is the most popular tourist attraction in San Francisco. I was not disappointed in the least when I finally arrived. I think the smell of crab and other seafood delights probably hit me before I had actually reached the Wharf, but that was just part of the experience at being there. Fisherman's Wharf was heaving with tourists, it was an unusually hot day and it seemed as though everybody had had the same idea. I had not expected the place to be so big; there were so many different piers I was not quite sure which one to visit first. However, it was soon decided that we should visit the San Francisco museum at Pier 45, which was also home to the US submarine USS Pampanito. The museum was no ordinary museum, since it was made out to look like an old Victorian arcade. It was crammed full of old wooden machines that worked if a quarter was dropped in and once the money had been collected the machines would come to life, considering the age of the contraptions it was quite amazing that they still worked. Unfortunately the trip around the USS Pampanito was not scheduled for that particular day so we then headed on to Pier 39. This was a thoroughly modern area of Fisherman's Wharf and to me it seemed as if it had only been designed with tourists in mind. According to the guidebook, Pier 39 is San Francisco's number one attraction and I can actually see why the book would say this, since it certainly does have a lot to offer to keep both adults and children entertained. There were the usual boutiques and memorabilia stores and of course no American city would be complete without a famous Hard Rock Cafi, but the one thing that could have kept me entertained for hours was just around the corner. I could not believe my eyes when all I could see there in the water right in front of me was more than one hundred sea lions sunbathing on floating rafts. It was like nothing I had ever seen before, not even Sea World could compete with the sea lions at Pier 39. It seemed unimaginable that just a few hours previous and not even 5 miles away I had been alarmed by the amount of homeless people and street beggars, yet there I was staring at over one hundred sea lions housed within a small dock and I was not sure what surprised me the most. Being Saint Patrick' day the very next day, I prepared myself for a long day. I had heard on the grapevine that the American's love to celebrate on Saint Patrick's Day and I was certain that this one would not be any different. I think that the American people are very open-minded when it comes to culture, race and sexuality, but I found even more so in San Francisco. There are so many different cultures within the city and they even have designated areas of the city in which they live. The obvious one being Chinatown, but the North Beach area is home to many Italian-American's, the Castro area is renowned for its Gay and Lesbian scene, Ocean Beach is known for its Japanese culture and the Irish fit in anywhere in between. That is why it did not surprise me that on Saint Patrick's Day, a day that the Irish would be doing the most celebrating it would seem, the American's were doing their best to outdo them. After talking to many people who actually work in San Francisco, the current trend is to live elsewhere and travel into work each day. The most popular areas to live are either Oakland, which is over the eight and a half mile long Bay Bridge, or Sausalito that is in the other direction and across the Golden Gate Bridge. Having taken a trip over the Golden Gate Bridge and seeing the city from a different angle, I could certainly see why it might be tempting to live in the quieter towns and enjoy the hustle and bustle of going to work each morning. It was like entering a different country as soon as we had crossed the Golden Gate Bridge and drove through Marin County. Even the weather had changed so drastically in that short distance; the temperature must have risen by twenty degrees Fahrenheit at least. We were heading towards the town of Sonoma and Napa Valley for some wine tasting, a far cry from the busy city that was San Francisco. Sonoma is regarded as the birthplace of California viticulture and the wine industry there is closely tied to the Spanish Missionaries that found San Francisco in 1823 and in fact it used to be the state capital for a while. The town itself was built around a square and it looked so clean and pristine, it was hard to comprehend that the city that never stands still was only forty miles away. Back on the road again and heading towards Napa Valley, I just sat there taking in the beautiful scenery, I really could not believe that a place could be so different. The divide between city and country really stood out in California and it was hard for me to decide which I liked the most. Just one main road went from Sonoma to Napa, with huge vineyards either side of the road it was easy to see why it was called ‘Wine Country'. The size of the vineyards amazed me; the plots of land and the size of their houses were huge. It really was something I had never seen before, well the English are not really well known wine makers so I suppose there has never been a chance for me to see it. A trip to Napa would not have been complete without a touch of wine tasting so our first stop was at the Sequoia Grove Ranch, a huge working ranch where you can pay five dollars for four tastes; two whites and two reds. The price of wine by the bottle anywhere in California is so expensive compared to England, even the Californian wine; therefore I did not make a purchase. The next visit was to the film director Francis Ford Coppola's ranch, named Niebaum-Coppola. The sheer size of this vineyard was one to blow you away, the elegance and style which pour out of the buildings is remarkable. It was clear that somebody extremely rich owned this vineyard and it was also a small museum in honour of the film director since there were a lot of exhibits in the hallway. Lots of memorabilia from his films were hung in cabinets around the galleries and this to me made the experience of wine tasting more exciting, just knowing I was visiting in Francis Ford Coppola's vineyard. It seems that the man has a lot to do with the state of California, obviously he has done a lot of work in Hollywood, but with his ranch in Napa and he has also shot one of his films in a downtown San Francisco diner which I visited later on in my trip. The film was called, ‘American Graffiti', and was about teenagers growing up in the rock and roll era, but some of the scenes were set in Mel's Diner on Mission Street, San Francisco. After leaving Napa we headed for the outlet stores. If there were something the American's know how to do properly, it would be shopping. Because, there in the middle of the countryside was a huge outlet shopping mall, with every brand name you could ever imagine at extremely good prices. I thought it was just San Francisco that was built around shopping malls and boutiques, but I was wrong, since even in the country they still have time to build a huge mall. That is what I found whilst being in San Francisco for two weeks, most American's do not like to stay at home, and they tend to go out more. Even after a day at work, it seems that they would rather go out for a meal than cook it at home and this was just the way of life for people in the city. Although according to some locals, American's do not walk anywhere they drive to their destination or they travel on the local transport system. Not me though, I walked everywhere and I did not see the problem with it, I thought at first it may be because of the people on the streets, but they were no problem to me. I decided that it must be because American's have got used to being lazy and taking the easy option, which in my view was probably more accurate. One thing was for sure; they certainly know good food when they taste it. That same night I headed into Chinatown for something to eat and I seriously could have been in China for all I knew, even the street signs were in Chinese. It was a very lively place, lights and noise wherever you turned. We were going to a restaurant called the ‘House of Nung Ho' and the food was supposed to be out of this world. Whenever I have been to a Chinese restaurant in the past, there has always been a candle of the table, knives and forks wrapped up in a napkin, but when I arrived at the ‘House of Nung Ho', I was not expecting it to be a cafi lit up with strip flourecsent lights. There was even a queue outside for this tiny back street cafi, a good sign I thought, but I was still a bit concerned that this was not the type of restaurant I had been expecting it to be. Once inside however, we had ordered our food and they cooked it right in front of me, with a bottle of ‘Tsingtao' Chinese beer in my hand, I was looking forward to the food. After talking with the owner, he pointed out a framed picture on the wall of Jamie Oliver, the English chef. He had visited the ‘House of Nung Ho' and had written a glorious review of the place in the local good food guide, and he was right, the food was delicious and it made me see that first appearances are not always what they seem. I am glad I decided to queue to get into the restaurant; it was well worth the wait. Unfortunately the good weather looked as though it had passed by the second week and it was clear that I was going to have to find something to do which meant that I would not be caught out in the rain. It had been suggested to me that I make a visit to the ‘Metreon', which is a Sony Entertainment Centre. Home to a twelve screen cinema, an IMAX theatre and several gadget shops and restaurants, it did not even seem possible that I had walked past the building many time not realising what it was. Set within the financial district of San Francisco, the building is fairly inconspicuous surrounded by huge skyscrapers. Yet, once inside the building it is not easy imagining how I missed it. Hundreds of people crowding around games consoles waiting to try out a brand new game, a mile long queue for the cinema and the IMAX theatre, the place was heaving. I had never seen a place so busy, yet from the outside the building did not look like anything special. Those that wanted to escape the hubbub that was going on inside the ‘Metreon', were sat quietly in the gardens that surrounded it. The Yerba Buena gardens provide tranquillity for the people who want to escape the noise of the city and just relax for an hour on their dinner break. I was beginning to see a likeness to New York within San Francisco, since the intercultural relations were more or less the same and Central Park offers New York the same sort of tranquillity that the Yerba Buena Gardens do to San Francisco. Yet, all the while that I was making these comparisons and finding similarities between the two, I found that San Francisco is far more relaxed and laid back than New York or any other city that I have visited. I do not know whether it is the people that live there or the way the city is governed, but for some reason laid back nature works for the city. Even the homeless make ends meet, they have their own community and get on with the life they lead, that is the one thing I wish had not bothered me if the first few days in the city. In the end I learnt not to expect anything during my trip, because it always turned out to surprise me and mainly in a good way. Previous visits to America had led me to believe that the American's were extremely fake and narrow minded, yet whilst visiting San Francisco I saw no evidence of that. Maybe that is where the east and west coast divide tends to lie, since many holidaymakers from Europe mainly visit the eastern coast of America because it is closer. Tourism brings in a lot of money to the United States from Europe and maybe that is why they try so hard in places like Florida and New York to make you feel welcome; but it just comes across as being too pushy and fake. However, a city like San Francisco with its open-mindedness to sexuality, race and religion was going to be entirely different from the beginning and it certainly was. The whole temperament of the city flows like the water around it, calm and gentle yet perhaps a little rough around the edges. Overall, If I could have changed my trip for the better, I would have become a commuter for two weeks and stayed across from the city and travelled in if and when I wanted to. However, I am glad that I stayed right within the heart of the city and witnessed the good things and the bad, yet most of the time there was hardly any bad. From what I saw of California, I liked very much and would not hesitate to go back at any given chance. I think it is important to see more than one aspect of a country and given the chance I would like to explore the state much more thoroughly, perhaps visiting Steinbeck Country and Yosemite Valley. With enough time and money I think if you really want to explore California it can be done, but finding the above is not easy unfortunately. I recommend that San Francisco should be on everybody's list of places to see before they die, it truly is a remarkable city and if its variety that you want, this place has it.

Differing Cultures

One society that significantly differs from the United States in terms of values and beliefs are the Chinese. Possibly the most significant difference between the two is that the Chinese is generally a conservative society while the United States is more liberal-minded. This is best shown in their attitude towards sex and religion, among many others. Based on recent survey and studies, there were a lot of Americans who have had sexual intercourse in their teenage years.In short, most Americans, particularly the youth, view sex as more of a casual thing as compared to the Chinese who have strict prohibitions regarding sex. Moreover, the Americans are more vocal about sex as well as other sensitive issues regarding race and gender, among others while the Chinese prefer not to talk about these issues publicly. In addition, the Chinese are more superstitious than the Americans. This is shown in their popular practices such as feng-shui and various rituals during death and marriage, to na me a few.Furthermore, the Chinese has a more preserved culture than the United States as shown in their various traditions that are still being practiced today. They also maintain and practice their cultural beliefs and principles no matter where they go, which is shown in the various â€Å"Chinatowns† across the world wherein the population is predominantly Chinese. On the other hand due to the United States’ cultural diversity, it is hard to determine exactly what their practices are except during holidays.Basically, the vast differences between the two societies can greatly affect marketing strategies and decisions since commercial companies and businesses, particularly the international ones, would always have to ensure that their advertisements would not offend a certain society. For example, it would be hard for a liberal product to penetrate markets in China or in Chinese societies if its advertisements contain things that are offensive to them. In other words, this difference in culture would more often than not alter marketing decisions in a way that would be fair to all cultures and societies.

My Life in 10 Years Essay

I always wanted to see what will be my life in the future, what will be my career and what will I become? As I reflected my childhood I have many dreams and aspirations that I would like to accomplish within the next ten years to come. In ten years, I can see myself having many of my goal accomplished, if not accomplished, I will be working on accomplishing those goals to fulfil my life. We all know when growing up that we all wanted that fairy tale ending with the house, car, kids, and the dog. Ten years from now I plan to be raising my children, coming out of college with several degrees, and being happy. They say in one’s life we all make choices, but in the end, our choices make us. You’re about to embark with me unto the long, curvy road of my life, and Watch upon it as it unfolds through my eyes. This is my life as I see it will be ten years from now. I have most of it planned out already. This is my story. see more:where do you see yourself in 5 years essay School has always been an important goal in my life. Growing up I always wanted to attend college for at least 10 years to receive an accounting degree. Now that I’m older I realized that accountancy is not what I want. I want to be a doctor. I am interested in M.D. /Ph.D. dual degree program, receiving a certificate, and a licence for medicine. I’m sure I am going to be professional doctor someday. I love helping other people with their sickness.

It’s easy to become a football hooligan!

With reference to football hooliganism in Britain and the latest theories and research, state your views to agree or disagree with the statement? Who are hooligans and why do they do it? Discuss the latest theories. Football hooligans are noisy, violent people who want to make trouble. Evidence suggests that most of these hooligans are in their late teens or early 20's. And also that they come from mainly working class backgrounds. It is also suggested that generally hooligans are from low-income occupations- some are unemployed or are working in a poor economy. Hooliganism is actually non-violent. Hooliganism involves verbally abusing rival fans, threatening them with attack and most of the time they aim to have a laugh. Although seem of them do seem more interested in fighting rival groups who are, like themselves, looking for trouble. What is the motivation of the hooligans? There are many theories for this. The main reason is said to be the risk and excitement involved in hooliganism drives people (esp. them who are in their late teens or early 20's). For example, the British sociologist Paul Willis (sociologist analytical theory) talks about the tension involved in the fight situations and the risk in these attractive situations is what makes them do it. The sociological approach also states that male hooligans are formed because young men are expected to be able to look after themselves. Fights can be prepared for and enjoyed, not only because of the risk in it but also because of how these fights make the hooligans feel cool and masculine (i.e. manly). Young men like these defend their own, their gang's, and their town's reputation against similar rivals who are aimed at playing against their hosts. Most of this engagement is about insulting and verbally abusing opposing fans, but core hooligans also enjoy a f ight when they can get one. Not only this, but the rewards involved in such activities like the loyalty and the entertainment you get from hooligan involvement is very valuable for these young men whose opportunities for status and excitement from other ways are very limited. Heavy drinking, for example, is often considered having a good day out. Hence hooligans do this to get status and loyalty in the society also. The sociological approach also states that hooligans behave in this manner to act cool and to show-off (i.e. get attention). For example hooligans come wearing very fashionable casuals and try to compete with their hooligan rivals on the means of stylish and expensive clothing. The socialist approach also tells us to read the act of hooliganism as a form of resistance to the intrusion of more middle class sensibilities1 into sport and local cultures. The anthropology approach is more bent towards the theory that hooliganism is performed because of its attractions as social drama and the opportunity it provides for a sense of belonging, for competition and risk, achieving honor and throwing shame on rivals. Another approach/theory is the social-psycological one, which is based more on the meaning of the activity itself than on the social background of those involved. They see hooliganism as an example of the search for a peak experience, which is an intense, emotional experience not usually, encountered in everyday life. Peak experiences allow for an open expression of collective emotionality: an outpouring of joy or sadness, and a strengthening of a common social identity via suporting a team. Hooligans, like other fans, seek peak experiences through their involvement in football. These were the three theories for why do hooligans do what they do. All of these theories are convincing though we still do not have all the data required to agree or disagree with the statement. Do only the English Produce Hooligans? No. There have been many cases of hooligan violence in other countries- even the more serious ones. Some examples would be: * In December 2000 a match between Strasbourg and Metz in the French First Division was abandoned because an assistant referee was injured by a firecracker. * In Italy, hooligan groups known as ‘ultra's' clashed with rival firms and the police. * In Greece, AEK Athens were banned from playing in their own stadium for four matches after their fans threw missiles and invaded the pitch during a Greek Cup tie with Olympiakos. * Perhaps the most serious football-crowd disorder takes place in Eastern Europe, sub-Saharan Africa and South America where serious crowd rioting is much more common place than in the U.K. So it is not only UK who suffers from these troublemakers. Most of the world does. Is their hooliganism in other sports? Yes. Certainly there is. Hooliganism at sports like boxing, rugby league and cricket provoke very regular panics about the behavior of spectators. There have been disturbances even at horseracing competitions. But the difference is that hooliganism at football gets lots of newspaper coverage while the others don't. And nor are these problems as routinised as they seem to be at football. I have seen hooliganism in Cricket myself in a match between England and India in India where some people started throwing water bottles (known as water missiles) and other stuff on the English cricket players. As we have read from the theories, the main of hooligan-like behavior is to get loyalties, be honored, and be involved in risk. Though the difference was that since it was an International match in India- there was no hooligan in the rivalry. Hooliganism is not tied to a sport as I said. Hooligans disturb matches because of the many reasons I have explained from the three different theories. Why is hooliganism linked to football? Well, I think that hooliganism is related to football simply because of the explanation given by the social theory and the others. The socail-pyschological theory tells us that these football fans have a passion for football. Hooliganism is a way to search for a peak experience, which is an intense, emotional experience not usually encountered in everyday life. Peak experiences allow for an open expression of collective emotionality: an outpouring of joy or sadness, and a strengthening of a common social identity via suporting a team. And since football is the world's most popular and one of the most intense sports it has got more advertisement in that manner. Hooliganism in football would hence be the easiest and best way to get loyalties, raise your status, have a peak experience and have risks. This is what I believe. Does drink have a part? Yes, but not all the time. In the English society, drinking heavily is considered being manly. Males of all social classes are often encouraged to celebrate special occasions with their male friends by drinking to excess. Football trips abroad seem regularly to involve male fans drinking heavily together in situations where drink is cheap and easily available. On occasions like this, situations can get out of control because Englishmen placed in an unfamiliar, and perhaps threatening culture have had too much to drink. This may increase the chances of serious hooliganism. However, it cannot be said that drink is the cause of hooliganism- yes, it can make it worse. Are political groups involved? There is no real evidence that such organizations are actively and effectively controlling hooliganism in England or anywhere else. Though yes, there are rumors, which cannot be, carried true until and unless evidence is provided. What is the role of the media? It is true that newspapers report on football using the language which seems to derive more from the world of war than it does from sport. Maybe this helps to heighten rivalries between opposing fan groups. And my sources also inform me that so do the predictions newspapers sometimes used to make that trouble is likely to occur between rival fans. Media coverage of hooligan activities worked at promoting if not causing hooliganism. The main reason for this which comes to my mind is that since the hooligans are doing this to get honored and be involved in risk (using the theories) media coverage will amplify and multiply the effects and its significance. After answering these questions I can discuss a lot on whether I agree or disagree with the statement that â€Å"It's easy to become a football hooligan!† Well, it is not easy to become a football hooligan- (from the theories we have) the situations and mental conditions of a person have to be very in a particular way to be a hooligan. In the below paragraphs (and some of the paragraphs I have already written) you will get to know from me that I do agree with the statement and I don't also. It is easy to become a football hooligan only if the situations are perfect i.e. you are mentally down, you want to be entertained- to be noticed, to be involved in risk, you want loyalties, you want to act cool or you deeply love your football club (which is the least chance for a person to become a hooligan). Also it depends upon which nationality or culture you are from. For example the Indian culture doesn't encourage us to drink (which may make situations worse) nor does it encourage us to get involved into fights of some kind. Generally it is very rare for Asians (i.e. Eastern hemisphere) to get involved in these hooligan fights. Not only this, but it depends upon the stable mentality of the person- if you are not mentally stable and are looking for attention- hooligan behavior might be the answer for your prayers. Also it matters what your status is in the society. If you are at a high post- fights and verbal abuses including so much life risk would not be the thing you would want to do- this may hurt your reputation. It is generally found that youths (late teens and early twenties) are the ones involved in such activity. This is because of the mental imbalances going on in their mind and how they react to what they see in the society. If you live in an environment where there is some existence of shame and security, a person would not get involved in such activities, (which is again found widely in the Eastern Hemisphere). If you looked at what the sociological theory is closely: The rewards involved in such activities like the loyalty and the entertainment you get from hooligan involvement is very valuable for these young men whose opportunities for status and excitement from other ways are very limited. Now, if you get opportunities and excitement and the involvement in risk (if required) from other ways (excelling in studies, participating in state or club teams and gaining reputation etc.) these activities will not at all be necessary to do. There is some affect of how you are brought up and what environment you live in. Peer pressure comes into play. And so do so many other factors. What I mean to say is that it depends upon how you are suppressed under the factors i.e. are all the factors positive to say that your requirements are of one to become a hooligan. It is very hard to answer this question that why some young men, rather than others, might find this sort of activity attractive and rewarding. Nor is it clear why, at particular times and in particular kinds of societies or in particular places, hooliganism of this kind should become so attractive. What my opinion is that things should match with those in the theories to give us some sense of realization that this person might be a hooligan because of these reasons. It is not easy to become a hooligan but it is not hard also.

What Impact Has Globalisation Had On Employment Relations Essay

What Impact Has Globalisation Had On Employment Relations - Essay Example Globalisation is the process that involves the international integration between countries in terms of exchange of new products, global views and different aspects of culture and ideas. Globalization in the world economy had commenced from 1980 and eventually, had spread all across the globe. According to Ronald Robertson, globalization is â€Å"the compression of the world and the intensification of the consciousness of the world as a whole† (Cuyvers, Lombaerde and Rayp, 2011). If it is assumed in terms of single nature, then globalization is the process that comprises of different magnitudes of cultures, disciplines and communities. On the basis of the principle stated by David Ricardo, globalization allows the countries to progress in terms of their core competences (Ricardo, 1992). Employment relations are defined as the relation that exists between the management of an organization and their employees. It encompasses the various types of grievances, collective bargaining, unions and problem resolutions that exist in the labour market. This essay would explain the impact of globalization on the employment relations of the world. In the context of the essay, the researcher would focus on the actual impact of globalization on the employers, the employees and the unions. At the end, before concluding on the research analysis, the researcher would analyse the impingement of globalization on a state or nation. ... These employers found that the cost of labour resources in the developing economies were much cheaper. This is the reason for the managers of the corporate companies in the developed nations to expand business in the less developed nations like, Russia and India, by recruiting more of their individuals (Arnold, 2008). At the same time, after the emergence of globalization, the business managers in the developing nations like, China and Brazil had started to experience higher degree of competition in their domestic business environment. This was due to the increasing foreign company internationalisation in these nations. After experiencing a higher degree of competition in the domestic market, the business companies in these developing economies have turned out to be more efficient. As a result, the degree of extent of employment opportunities expanded in their companies. The rising level of national incomes in most of the countries, post-globalization, denotes the fact that the scale of operations for most of the companies in the world have increased, which implies that the income thresholds of the employers have also increased. The employers of the companies like, Ford Motors and Tesla have expanded in order to get access to the wide and cheap base of labour resource (US Census Bureau, 2000). Also, similarly, the companies from the developing countries like, Toyota and Tata have expanded their business in the developed nations. Against It should be considered that the degree of labour mobility in the global market have become high after the emergence of globalization. This is why the supply of labour market to the employers had